Kina is a species of sea urchin endemic to New Zealand, scientifically known as Evechinus chloroticus. It belongs to the family Echinometridae and can reach a maximum diameter of about 16–17 cm
. Kina live in rocky seafloor areas along New Zealand's coastline, typically found in shallow waters up to 15 meters deep, where they feed mainly on kelp and other plant matter. They are nocturnal grazers that use a specialized jaw structure called Aristotle's lantern to scrape algae from rocks
. Ecologically, kina play a significant role but can cause damage to kelp forest ecosystems when their populations grow excessively, often due to overfishing of their predators and climate change. This overgrazing leads to "kina barrens," areas where kelp is depleted
. Culturally and economically, kina has been a traditional food source for the Māori people since pre-European times. The edible part is the roe, which is prized for its rich, creamy, and oceanic flavor. It is commonly eaten raw, often as sashimi, but can also be smoked or used in various dishes. Kina roe is considered a delicacy and has commercial value, although attempts to export it widely have had limited success
. Nutritionally, kina is a good source of iodine, selenium, vitamins B6 and A, and also provides magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, riboflavin, and vitamin E. It is a nutritious seafood option with a delicate, buttery roe prized by seafood lovers
. In summary, kina is a New Zealand sea urchin valued for its ecological role, cultural significance, and edible roe, which is a traditional Māori delicacy and a specialty seafood product
