Lactate, also known as lactic acid, is a chemical produced when cells break down carbohydrates for energy, such as glucose and other carbohydrates
. It is a byproduct of anaerobic glycolysis and is constantly produced in the body during normal metabolism and exercise
. Lactate is primarily produced in muscle cells and red blood cells
. Lactate is notable for its tight homeostasis of serum concentrations, and elevated serum lactate levels can be a serious medical condition known as lactic acidosis
. The concentration of blood lactate is usually 1-2 mmol/L at rest but can rise to greater than 20 mmol/L during intense exertion
. Lactate levels are assessed for various reasons, such as determining sustainable threshold, peak, tolerance, and clearance values
. These assessments are used by endurance athletes to understand the upper limits of their endurance and to monitor their performance
. Lactate threshold tests are often performed under a healthcare provider's supervision to ensure safety
. In summary, lactate is a byproduct of cellular energy production, primarily in muscle cells and red blood cells. It is constantly produced during normal metabolism and exercise, and its levels are closely regulated to maintain proper homeostasis. Elevated lactate levels can indicate medical conditions, and lactate tests are used to assess an individual's endurance and performance capabilities.
