A lubrication system is a system that delivers controlled amounts of lubricant to multiple locations on a machine while the machine is operating. Lubrication systems are designed to distribute lubricant to the moving parts of a machine to reduce friction between surfaces that rub against each other, such as gears, spindles, bearings, chains, dies, screws, cylinders, valves, and cables. The lubricant reduces wear, heat generation, and premature failure, and prolongs the service life of the machine elements. Lubrication systems control the volume and pressure of the lubricant to be applied to the surfaces of the moving machine parts in contact. They promote the smooth and healthy operation of the machinery by applying and distributing the lubricant efficiently and regularly.
There are different types of lubrication systems, including:
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Single point (SP) lubrication systems: These systems apply lubricant to only one lubrication point. They are practical if there are few lubrication points spread over a wide area or if the lubrication points are in remote or restricted areas. SP lubrication systems are typically automatic, though manual systems are also available.
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Single line resistance (SLR) lubrication systems: These systems consist of a central pump that distributes the lubricant to single or multiple supply lines parallel to each other. The lubricant is then metered to each lubrication point through a metering valve.
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Recirculating oil systems: These systems use a pump to circulate oil through a filter and cooler before delivering it to the lubrication points. The oil is then returned to the reservoir for reuse.
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Air-Oil lubrication systems: These systems use compressed air to atomize oil into a fine mist that is delivered to the lubrication points. The oil is then collected and returned to the reservoir for reuse.
Automatic lubrication systems are key aspects of maintenance and reliability programs. They supply lube points with metered amounts of grease or oil from a central location. The pump supplies the system with the chosen lubricant and is fed from a reservoir that is easily accessible. The reservoir ranges in size depending on the application and can be as small as 2 liters all the way up to an intermediate bulk container or even a bulk tank. These systems have the option to be monitored remotely with feedback and can be tied directly into a plants PLC.
