Lye, primarily sodium hydroxide (NaOH) or potassium hydroxide (KOH), is a
highly alkaline chemical used in a variety of applications: Soap Making:
Lye is essential for soap production through a chemical reaction called
saponification, where it converts fats and oils into soap. Without lye, the
product is not technically soap according to the FDA
. Food Processing:
In the food industry, lye is used to cure and prepare various foods. It
tenderizes meats and fish, cures olives to reduce bitterness, and is used in
baking pretzels and bagels to create a distinctive crust. It also softens corn
for hominy and is involved in making traditional foods like lutefisk, moon
cakes, rice cakes, and certain Asian noodles. Food-grade lye must meet strict
safety standards
. Cleaning:
Lye is a major ingredient in household and commercial cleaners, especially for
cleaning ovens and unclogging drains due to its ability to dissolve grease and
organic matter
. Industrial Uses:
Industrially, lye is used in manufacturing chemicals, rayon, paper,
explosives, dyes, fertilizers, electroplating, metal cleaning, petroleum
refining, and as an electrolyte in alkaline batteries. It also plays a role in
pH adjustment and wastewater treatment
. Tissue Digestion and Fungus Identification:
Lye solutions can dissolve animal tissue, useful for disposing of dead animals
safely, and are used in medical labs to identify fungal infections by causing
color changes in samples
. In summary, lye's strong alkalinity makes it indispensable in soap making, food preparation, cleaning, industrial manufacturing, and some specialized biological uses. Its versatility stems from its ability to break down organic materials and alter chemical properties effectively
