Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare and aggressive type of skin cancer that usually appears as a flesh-colored or bluish-red nodule on the face, head, or neck. It can also develop on other areas of the body, such as the arms, legs, and trunk. MCC is also known as neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin or trabecular cancer.
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Symptoms: The first sign of Merkel cell carcinoma is typically a fast-growing, painless nodule (tumor) on the skin, which may be skin-colored or appear in shades of red or blue. People may mistake MCC for other harmless conditions, such as insect bites, sores, cysts, styes, or pimples.
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Risk factors: Long-term sun exposure and a weakened immune system are known to increase the risk of developing Merkel cell carcinoma. Other risk factors include fair skin, age over 50, and a history of other skin cancers.
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Diagnosis: Diagnosing MCC can be challenging because not all Merkel cell carcinomas have the same appearance. A biopsy is typically performed to confirm the diagnosis, and further tests may be done to determine the stage of the cancer and if it has spread to other parts of the body.
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Treatment: Treatment options for Merkel cell carcinoma depend on the stage of the cancer and whether it has spread beyond the skin. Common treatment approaches include surgery, radiation therapy, and immunotherapy. MCC has a high risk of recurrence and metastasis, so long-term follow-up care is essential.
