what is microcontroller

A microcontroller, also known as a microcontroller unit (MCU) or embedded controller, is a small computer on a single integrated circuit. It contains one or more CPUs (processor cores) along with memory and programmable input/output peripherals. Microcontrollers are optimized for embedded applications that require both processing functionality and agile, responsive interaction with digital, analog, or electromechanical components. They are essentially simple miniature personal computers designed to control small features of a larger component, without a complex front-end operating system. Microcontrollers are widely used in automatically controlled products and devices, such as automobile engine control systems, implantable medical devices, remote controls, office machines, appliances, power tools, toys, and other embedded systems. By reducing the size and cost compared to a design that uses a separate microprocessor, memory, and input/output devices, microcontrollers make it economical to digitally control even more devices and processes.