Mononucleosis, commonly called "mono" or the "kissing disease," is a contagious viral infection most often caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). It primarily affects teenagers and young adults but can occur at any age.
Causes
- Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is the main cause.
- Occasionally, other viruses like cytomegalovirus (CMV) can cause mono.
- The infection spreads mainly through saliva, which is why it’s nicknamed the kissing disease.
- It can also spread through sharing utensils, drinks, or through coughs and sneezes.
Symptoms
Symptoms usually develop 4 to 6 weeks after exposure and can last for a few weeks to months. Common signs include:
- Extreme fatigue
- Fever
- Sore throat with swollen tonsils, sometimes with white patches
- Swollen lymph nodes in the neck and armpits
- Headaches and body aches
- Rash
- Enlarged liver or spleen (less common)
Diagnosis
- Based on symptoms and physical examination (checking swollen lymph nodes, tonsils, liver, spleen).
- Confirmed with blood tests for specific antibodies or abnormal white blood cells.
Treatment
- There is no specific cure; treatment focuses on symptom relief.
- Rest, hydration, and over-the-counter pain and fever medications like acetaminophen or ibuprofen are recommended.
- Avoid antibiotics like ampicillin or amoxicillin unless there is a bacterial infection, as they may cause rash in mono patients.
- Avoid heavy exercise or contact sports to prevent spleen injury if swollen.
Mono usually resolves on its own after a few weeks, but some people may feel fatigued for months. In summary, mono is a viral infection causing fever, sore throat, swollen glands, and fatigue, mainly spread through saliva and common among teens and young adults. It resolves with rest and supportive care.
