Mossad is the national intelligence agency of Israel, officially known as the Institute for Intelligence and Special Operations (HaMossad LeModi'in U'LeTafkidim Meyuchadim in Hebrew). It was established in 1949, shortly after the founding of the State of Israel. Mossad's primary responsibilities include foreign intelligence gathering, espionage, covert operations, and counterterrorism activities beyond Israel's borders. Mossad operates under the direct authority of the Israeli Prime Minister, and much of its work is highly classified. It is one of the three main Israeli intelligence agencies, alongside Aman (military intelligence) and Shin Bet (internal security). The agency is known for conducting secret operations such as capturing Nazi war criminal Adolf Eichmann and targeted actions against individuals linked to attacks on Israel, including those involved in the Munich Olympic massacre. Mossad has various specialized divisions dealing with espionage, sabotage, psychological warfare, and technological development. It focuses particularly on threats from hostile countries, including Iran, and plays a crucial role in Israel's national security through intelligence collection, covert operations, and preventing nuclear proliferation. With an estimated workforce of around 7,000 and a substantial budget, Mossad is considered one of the world's largest and most effective intelligence agencies. Its activities, although often secretive and controversial, have significantly influenced regional and international security dynamics. In summary, Mossad is Israel's elite foreign intelligence and special operations agency, charged with protecting the country through espionage, covert action, and counterterrorism abroad.
