Mulching is the process of applying a layer of material to the surface of soil. The purpose of mulching includes:
- Conserving soil moisture by preventing water evaporation, especially in summer.
- Improving the fertility and health of the soil.
- Reducing weed growth by suppressing or blocking them.
- Enhancing the visual appeal of the area.
Mulch can be organic or inorganic, permanent or temporary, and can be applied to bare soil or around existing plants. Organic mulch is made of natural materials such as leaves, grass cuttings, bark chips, or compost, while inorganic mulch is made of synthetic materials such as plastic sheeting or rubber. Mulching can be done at any time of the year, but the timing depends on the purpose. For example, mulches serve initially to warm the soil by helping it retain heat towards the beginning of the growing season. The thickness of mulching can be anywhere from 1 inch to 5 inches depending on the size of the plant. Mulching helps soil retain moisture by shading the earth and acting as a blanket, and it also helps plants to grow by forming a protective layer against heavy rain and cold temperatures. Over time, plant matter used for mulching is broken down by earthworms and soil-dwelling organisms, which can improve soil productivity.
