what is neurotoxicity

Neurotoxicity is a form of toxicity that occurs when exposure to a substance, specifically a neurotoxin or neurotoxicant, alters the normal activity of the nervous system in such a way as to cause permanent or reversible damage to nervous tissue. Neurotoxicity can result from exposure to natural or man-made toxic substances, including heavy metals such as lead and mercury, certain foods and food additives, pesticides, industrial and/or cleaning solvents, cosmetics, and some naturally occurring substances. Symptoms of neurotoxicity may appear immediately after exposure or be delayed and may include limb weakness or numbness, loss of memory, vision, and/or intellect, headache, cognitive and behavioral problems, and sexual dysfunction. Treatment involves eliminating or reducing exposure to the toxic substance, followed by symptomatic and supportive therapy. The outlook depends upon the length and degree of exposure and the severity of neurological injury. Many individuals recover completely after treatment, while others may survive but not fully recover, and in some instances, exposure to neurotoxicants can be fatal.