Non-repudiation is a concept used in law and digital security to ensure that a party cannot deny the validity of a statement or the authenticity of a signature. In the context of digital security, non-repudiation provides proof of the integrity and origin of data, and it is often achieved through services such as digital signatures and encryption. It is a crucial aspect of information assurance and is used to prevent individuals from falsely denying their actions, such as sending a message or approving information