Nutrition is the biochemical and physiological process by which organisms, including humans, consume, absorb, and use food to support life, growth, development, and maintenance of health
. It involves breaking down food into essential nutrients-chemical substances that the body needs to function properly
. There are six major classes of essential nutrients:
- Macronutrients: These include carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. They provide energy (calories) and serve as building blocks for body tissues and functions. Carbohydrates are primarily used for energy, proteins support growth and repair, and fats store energy and aid in nutrient absorption
- Micronutrients: These are vitamins and minerals required in smaller amounts but critical for metabolism, immune function, and overall health
- Water: Essential for transporting nutrients and oxygen to cells and supporting various bodily functions
Good nutrition means consuming the right balance and amount of these nutrients to maintain bodily functions, support growth, repair tissues, and protect against diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, and infections
. Poor nutrition can lead to malnutrition and increased risk of illness
. In summary, nutrition is the science and process of how food and its nutrients affect the health, growth, and survival of the body
