Definition of Occultism
Occultism refers to a category of esoteric supernatural beliefs and practices that generally fall outside the scope of organized religion and science. It encompasses phenomena involving otherworldly agency, such as magic and paranormal activities. The term "occult" comes from the Latin word "occultus," which means "clandestine," "hidden," or "secret." In common usage, occult refers to "knowledge of the paranormal," as opposed to "knowledge of the measurable," usually referred to as science.
Historical and Contemporary Usage
The term "occultism" has been used in various ways throughout history. In contemporary usage, it commonly refers to forms of esotericism that developed in the nineteenth century and their twentieth-century derivations. This includes various esoteric currents that have developed from the mid-nineteenth century onward, such as Spiritualism, Theosophy, the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn, and the New Age.
Practices and Beliefs
Occultism involves various theories and practices that revolve around a belief in and knowledge or use of supernatural forces or beings. These practices center on the presumed ability of the practitioner to manipulate natural laws for personal benefit or on behalf of others. Occult practices have occurred in all human societies throughout recorded history, with considerable variations in their nature and societal attitudes toward them.
Negative Connotations and Misconceptions
In the West, the term "occultism" has acquired intellectually and morally pejorative overtones that do not obtain in other societies where the practices and beliefs concerned do not run counter to the prevailing worldview. It is important to note that no science or technology is inherently negative, but the use of occult technology in a negative way has led to misconceptions and negative connotations associated with occultism.
In summary, occultism encompasses a wide range of beliefs and practices related to supernatural, paranormal, mysterious, or magical phenomena, and it has historical, cultural, and contemporary significance in various societies and belief systems.
