Ozone is a gas that is present in the Earths atmosphere, and it has a significant impact on ecosystems. The ozone layer in the stratosphere protects the Earth's surface from harmful UV radiation coming from the sun, which can cause skin cancer and cataracts in humans. However, ozone in the lower atmosphere can be harmful to plants, animals, and ecosystems.
Here are some ways that ozone can affect ecosystems:
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Harm to sensitive vegetation: Ozone can harm sensitive vegetation during the growing season. Plant species that are sensitive to the effects of ozone on their growth include trees found in many areas of the U.S., such as black cherry, quaking aspen, tulip poplar, white pine, ponderosa pine, and red alder. When sufficient ozone enters the leaves of a sensitive plant, it can reduce photosynthesis, slow the plant's growth, and increase the plant's risk of disease, damage from insects, effects of other pollutants, and harm from severe weather. Some plants can also show visible marks on their leaves when ozone is present under certain conditions.
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Harm to wildlife: Ozone can also harm wildlife, particularly those that are sensitive to air pollution. For example, ozone can damage the respiratory systems of birds and mammals, making them more susceptible to other diseases and environmental stressors.
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Changes to ecosystems: Ozone can also cause changes to ecosystems by altering the balance of species and reducing biodiversity. For example, ozone can harm plants that are important food sources for insects and other animals, which can then affect the entire food chain.
In summary, while ozone in the stratosphere is essential for protecting the Earth from harmful UV radiation, ozone in the lower atmosphere can be harmful to ecosystems by damaging sensitive vegetation, harming wildlife, and altering the balance of species.
