Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a common virus that can affect different parts of the body, including the skin and genitals. It is primarily spread through sexual contact, including vaginal, anal, or oral sex, and is the most common sexually transmitted infection (STI) in the United States. There are over 100 different types of HPV, and most people who have it do not realize it and do not have any problems. However, some types of HPV can cause genital warts or cancer.
Key facts about HPV include:
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Symptoms: HPV does not usually cause any symptoms, but sometimes the virus can cause painless growths or lumps around the genitals, anus, or mouth.
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Cancer risk: Certain strains of HPV (most often types 16 and 18) can cause changes in the cells of the cervix, which can lead to cervical cancer. HPV can also cause other types of cancer, including anal, penile, vulval, vaginal, and some types of head and neck cancer.
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Prevention: The HPV vaccine can protect against the types of HPV that cause most cases of genital warts and cervical cancer, as well as some other cancers. It is recommended for both males and females starting at age 11-12. Using condoms during sex can also reduce the risk of HPV transmission.
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Treatment: There is no cure for HPV, but most HPV infections do not cause any problems and go away on their own. Treatment is available for the health problems that HPV can cause, such as genital warts and abnormal cell changes that can lead to cancer.
It is important to note that HPV can affect anyone who is sexually active, regardless of age, gender, or sexual orientation. Regular screening and vaccination can help prevent the health problems that HPV can cause.
