Pascals law is a principle in fluid mechanics that states that a pressure change at any point in a confined incompressible fluid is transmitted throughout the fluid such that the same change occurs everywhere. This law was established by French mathematician Blaise Pascal in 1653 and published in 1663. The law can be defined as follows: "A change in pressure at any point in an enclosed fluid at rest is transmitted undiminished to all points in the fluid". Therefore, any change in pressure applied at any given point of the fluid is transmitted undiminished throughout the fluid. The formula for Pascal's law is a specific case of Navier-Stokes equations without inertia and viscosity terms.
Pascal's law has many applications, including in hydraulic systems, which use incompressible fluids to transmit force and multiply the input force. For example, a hydraulic car lift uses Pascal's law to multiply the force applied to the smaller piston by the ratio of the areas of the two pistons, allowing a small force to lift a much heavier load. Scuba divers must also understand this principle, as changes in pressure can affect their safety.
