Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal disorder affecting women of reproductive age. It is characterized by a combination of symptoms that impact the ovaries and hormonal balance. The name PCOS comes from the presence of multiple small fluid-filled sacs (follicles) on the ovaries, though having cysts is not a necessary condition to be diagnosed with PCOS. Key features of PCOS include:
- Irregular or absent menstrual periods due to irregular ovulation or no ovulation.
- Elevated levels of androgens (male hormones), which can cause excess facial and body hair, acne, hair thinning, and hair loss.
- Enlarged ovaries with multiple follicles that fail to release eggs regularly.
- Difficulty getting pregnant due to irregular ovulation.
- Possible weight gain and patches of darker, velvety skin.
PCOS is also linked to other health risks such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular issues, and mood disorders. Though the exact cause of PCOS remains unknown, it is believed to be related to hormonal imbalances and insulin resistance, and it may run in families. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms and may include lifestyle changes like weight control and healthy diet, medications to regulate menstrual cycles, reduce androgen effects, and improve fertility. Most women with PCOS can conceive with appropriate treatment. Overall, PCOS affects a significant proportion of women and has wide-ranging effects on reproductive health and overall metabolism. It typically begins during adolescence or early adulthood. This summary draws on comprehensive information from medical sources like Wikipedia, NHS, Cleveland Clinic, Mayo Clinic, and WHO.
