Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal disorder affecting women of reproductive age. It is characterized by a combination of symptoms related to hormonal imbalances, primarily involving the ovaries. The main features of PCOS include:
- Irregular or absent ovulation: The ovaries may fail to release eggs regularly, leading to irregular or no menstrual periods.
- Elevated levels of androgens: These male hormones, present in small amounts in women, are abnormally high in PCOS, causing symptoms such as excess facial and body hair (hirsutism) and acne.
- Polycystic ovaries: The ovaries may become enlarged and contain many small, fluid-filled sacs (follicles) that house immature eggs which do not develop properly or get released.
The exact cause of PCOS is unknown but is believed to involve genetic factors, hormone imbalances, and insulin resistance. Insulin resistance can lead to elevated blood sugar levels and is commonly associated with PCOS. PCOS can lead to various health complications, including infertility, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and psychological effects. Despite being a chronic condition, lifestyle changes and medical treatments can effectively manage symptoms and reduce risks. In summary, PCOS is an endocrine disorder that results from abnormal hormone production, affecting ovarian function and causing reproductive and metabolic issues in women.
