Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal condition that affects how the ovaries work. The symptoms of PCOS can vary widely but typically include at least two of the following:
- Irregular periods: Having few menstrual periods, irregular menstrual cycles (such as more than 35 days apart), very long periods, or no periods at all. This is often due to infrequent or absent ovulation.
- Excess androgen: High levels of male hormones can cause physical signs such as excess facial and body hair (hirsutism), severe acne that is persistent, and thinning hair or male-pattern baldness.
- Polycystic ovaries: Enlarged ovaries with many small follicles (fluid-filled sacs) that may not release eggs properly.
Other common symptoms include:
- Difficulty getting pregnant due to irregular ovulation or no ovulation.
- Weight gain or trouble losing weight, often around the waist.
- Oily skin or acne.
- Dark, thickened patches of skin, especially in areas like the neck, underarms, or groin (acanthosis nigricans).
- Thinning hair or hair loss on the scalp.
- Mood changes, such as depression, anxiety, or mood swings.
- Fatigue or low energy levels.
Symptoms usually start around the late teens or early 20s but can develop later. PCOS symptoms tend to be more severe in people with obesity. Because PCOS affects multiple systems, women may experience a combination of these symptoms, and not everyone will have all symptoms. If you have concerns such as irregular periods, new excess hair growth, acne, or difficulty conceiving, consulting a healthcare provider is recommended for evaluation and management. Treatment and symptom management often involve lifestyle changes, medications, and sometimes procedures to address hormone imbalances and fertility issues. This overview of PCOS symptoms covers the most common manifestations and can vary in intensity depending on the individual. If you are experiencing some of these symptoms, a healthcare professional can help diagnose and guide treatment.
