what is peritoneum

The peritoneum is a continuous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and covers the abdominal organs. It consists of two layers, the parietal peritoneum, which lines the internal surface of the abdominopelvic wall, and the visceral peritoneum, which covers the abdominal organs. The peritoneal cavity is the space between these two layers and normally contains only a small amount of lubricating fluid. The peritoneum supports the abdominal viscera, provides pathways for blood vessels and lymph to travel to and from the viscera, and acts as a conduit for the passage of nerves, blood vessels, and lymphatics. Disorders of the peritoneum are not common and include peritonitis, cancer, and complications from peritoneal dialysis. Damage to the peritoneum can occur as a result of infection, surgery, or injury, and may cause the formation of fibrous scar tissue, resulting in abnormal attachments between the visceral peritoneum of adjacent organs.