Peritonitis is a serious condition that starts in the abdomen, which is the area of the body between the chest and the pelvis. It is an inflammation of the peritoneum, which is the thin layer of tissue inside the abdomen that covers the internal organs. Peritonitis is usually caused by a bacterial infection that enters the lining of the abdomen from a hole in the gastrointestinal tract, such as a hole in the colon or a burst appendix. Other causes of peritonitis include:
- A hole in the stomach, intestine, gallbladder, uterus, or bladder
- An infection during treatment for end-stage kidney (renal) disease (peritoneal dialysis)
- Pelvic inflammatory disease in women
- Surgery (if bacteria enter the belly during surgery)
- Trauma or injury to the abdomen, such as an injury from a knife or gunshot wound
Symptoms of peritonitis include:
- Severe and constant abdominal pain
- Fever
- Inability to break wind or pass stools
- Nausea and vomiting
- Shock
Peritonitis is a life-threatening emergency that needs prompt medical treatment. Treatment options include hospitalization, antibiotics, and surgery. If you get peritoneal dialysis, you can help prevent peritonitis with good hygiene before, during, and after dialysis. For example, its important to wash your hands and clean the skin around your catheter.
