Permanent tissue is a type of plant tissue that has completed its growth and differentiation, and has lost the ability to divide. It is derived from meristematic tissue, which is responsible for cell division and growth in plants. Permanent tissues are characterized by their specialized structure and function, and they play a crucial role in the overall functioning of plants.
There are two main types of permanent tissue:
-
Simple Permanent Tissue: Also known as homogenous tissue, simple permanent tissue is made up of a single cell type with the same origin, structure, and function. It can be further classified into three types:
-
Parenchyma: These cells have an oval or round shape, thin cell walls, and a large central vacuole. They are involved in various functions such as photosynthesis, storage, and secretion.
-
Collenchyma: Collenchyma cells have unevenly thickened cell walls and provide mechanical support to the plant, especially in young and growing parts.
-
Sclerenchyma: These are dead tissues with very hard and rigid cell walls. They come in various shapes and sizes and provide mechanical support and rigidity to the plant.
-
-
Complex Permanent Tissue: Complex permanent tissue is made up of various types of cells that carry out distinct functions. The two main types of complex permanent tissue are:
-
Xylem: Xylem tissue is responsible for the transport of water and nutrients from the roots to the leaves of the plant. It is composed of various types of cells, including tracheids, vessel elements, fibers, and parenchyma cells.
-
Phloem: Phloem tissue is involved in the transport of organic substances, such as sugars, from the leaves to other parts of the plant. It is composed of sieve tube elements, companion cells, fibers, and parenchyma cells.
-
