PLA, or polylactic acid, is a thermoplastic polyester derived from renewable, organic sources such as corn starch or sugar cane
. It is a natural polymer designed to substitute widely used petroleum-based plastics like PET
. PLA has various applications, including:
- 3D printing : PLA is the most widely used plastic filament material in FDM 3D printing due to its low melting point, high strength, low thermal expansion, and good layer adhesion
- Food packaging : PLA is used for food containers and packaging materials due to its biodegradable and compostable properties
- Loose-fill packaging : PLA is used for loose-fill packaging materials that can be cast, injection molded, or spun
- Fibers : PLA is used for monofilament fishing line and netting
- Nonwoven fabrics : PLA is used for upholstery, disposable garments, awnings, feminine hygiene products, and diapers
- Engineering plastics : PLA is used in engineering plastics, where it is blended with a rubber-like polymer such as ABS, improving its heat resistance and durability
- Automotive parts : PLA is used for automotive parts such as floor mats, panels, and covers
PLA has several advantages, including its biodegradable and compostable properties, which make it an environmentally friendly alternative to traditional petroleum-based plastics
. It is also energy-efficient, with a production process that generates 63% fewer greenhouse gases and uses 65% less energy compared to PET
. However, PLA is not naturally biodegradable in the environment and must be composted under specific conditions
