what is potential difference in a circuit

Potential difference, also known as electric potential difference or voltage, is the difference in electric potential between two points in a circuit. It is a measure of the amount of potential energy per unit of charge at a specified location. Potential difference is measured in volts (V) and is transferred to the electrical components in a circuit when the charge carriers pass through them. The potential difference formula is V = I x R, where V is the potential difference, I is the current, and R is the resistance. In a series circuit, the potential difference across individual resistors is equal to the sum of the potential differences across each resistor. Potential difference is important in understanding the movement of charge in electric circuits and the corresponding loss and gain of energy that accompanies this movement. It is measured using a voltmeter.