Pregabalin is a medication classified as an anticonvulsant that is primarily used to treat neuropathic pain caused by damaged nerves, epilepsy, anxiety, and fibromyalgia. It works by calming overactive or damaged nerves, reducing the abnormal electrical activity in the brain for epilepsy, and preventing the release of chemicals that cause anxiety. It is available in forms such as capsules, oral liquid, and extended-release tablets and is taken by mouth. Pregabalin is also known by brand names like Lyrica, and it typically takes several weeks for its effects to become noticeable. Common side effects include dizziness, sleepiness, and headaches, but these are usually mild and temporary.
Uses of Pregabalin
- Neuropathic pain from conditions like diabetes, shingles, spinal cord injury
- Epilepsy (partial onset seizures as add-on therapy)
- Anxiety disorders such as generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)
- Fibromyalgia
- Postherpetic neuralgia (pain after shingles)
Mechanism of Action
Pregabalin binds to a specific protein (α2δ-1) associated with calcium channels on nerve cells, reducing the release of several excitatory neurotransmitters including glutamate and norepinephrine. This reduces excess nerve activity, helping to relieve pain, seizures, and anxiety symptoms.
Key Facts
- Taken 2 or 3 times daily, with or without food
- Requires weeks to work fully
- Mild side effects usually fade
- Available by prescription only and is a controlled substance
In summary, pregabalin is a versatile medication used for nerve-related conditions, epilepsy, and anxiety, acting mainly by modulating nerve activity to reduce pain and seizures.
