The rule of law is a fundamental principle of governance where all persons, institutions, and entities, including the government itself, are accountable to laws that are publicly promulgated, equally enforced, and independently adjudicated. It ensures that laws are clear, stable, just, and applied evenly, protecting human rights and preventing the arbitrary use of power
. Key universal principles of the rule of law include:
- Accountability: Both government officials and private actors are subject to the law.
- Just Law: Laws must be clear, publicized, stable, and applied equally to all.
- Open Government: Legal processes must be accessible, fair, and efficient.
- Accessible and Impartial Justice: Justice should be timely, delivered by competent and independent authorities, and accessible to all
It embodies the idea that "no one is above the law," meaning everyone is equal before the law and subject to the same legal rules and protections
. The rule of law also requires transparency, legal certainty, separation of powers, and respect for human rights
. In summary, the rule of law is the foundation of democratic societies, ensuring fairness, equality, and accountability in the exercise of power
