Schramms model of communication, also known as the Osgood-Schramm model, is an early and influential model of communication proposed by Wilbur Schramm in 1954. It was developed as an improvement over previous linear transmission models, such as the Shannon-Weaver model and Lasswell's model. The model emphasizes the importance of feedback and the role of fields of experience in the communication process.
The key components of Schramm's model are:
- Source: The sender or encoder who initiates the communication process by converting thoughts into content.
- Destination: The receiver or decoder who interprets the message and gives meaning to it.
- Message: The content or information being communicated.
- Feedback: The response or reaction from the receiver to indicate that the message has been received and understood.
- Fields of experience: The background, experience, and knowledge of the sender and receiver, which influence the interpretation of the message.
In Schramm's model, communication is seen as a two-way, cyclical process between the sender and receiver, with information flowing continuously. The model highlights the importance of effective encoding and decoding for successful communication and considers the role of feedback in completing the communication process.
