Sebum is a natural oily substance produced by the sebaceous glands in the skin. It is composed mainly of lipids, including triglycerides, wax esters, squalene, and free fatty acids. Sebum forms a protective barrier on the skin's surface that helps reduce water loss, keeping the skin moisturized and maintaining body temperature. It also shields the skin against bacteria, fungi, and environmental pollutants, thereby preventing infections and skin damage. Additionally, sebum contributes to the texture and shine of the skin, helping provide a healthy appearance. Sebum is produced through a process where specialized cells in the sebaceous glands dissolve and release this oily substance into hair follicles or directly onto the skin surface through pores. The production of sebum fluctuates, influenced by factors like genetics, hormone levels (especially androgens like testosterone), and stress. Sebum plays a crucial role in lubricating and protecting the skin, and without enough of it, the skin can become dry, rough, and flaky. In summary, sebum is the skin's natural oil that protects, moisturizes, and maintains the health of the skin barrier. It is essential for healthy skin function but can cause issues like oily skin or acne if produced excessively. Sebaceous glands producing sebum are found on most parts of the body except for the palms of the hands and soles of the feet, with the highest concentrations on the face, scalp, and chest. This natural oil plays a key role in skin health and appearance. If sebum production is balanced, it helps maintain skin moisture and barrier function; if excessive or clogged, it can contribute to skin concerns such as acne. This explanation encompasses the composition, function, production, and significance of sebum in skin health.
