A smartphone is a mobile phone with advanced computing capabilities, functioning essentially as a portable computer. It typically features a touchscreen interface and runs a mobile operating system such as Android, iOS, or others, enabling users to access a wide range of applications and services including web browsing, email, social media, multimedia playback, and streaming
. Smartphones integrate various hardware components like cameras, GPS navigation, sensors (e.g., accelerometers, gyroscopes), and support multiple wireless communication protocols such as LTE, 5G, Wi-Fi, and Bluetooth. They allow communication via voice calls, text messaging, and internet-based messaging apps, and often include features like mobile payments, health tracking, and connection to other devices like smartwatches
. Originally introduced in the early 1990s, smartphones have evolved to replace many standalone devices such as PDAs, portable media players, cameras, and GPS units. They serve as essential tools for personal and business use, providing functionalities like document editing, gaming, video chatting, and online shopping. Their versatility and connectivity have made them indispensable in modern life
. In summary, a smartphone is a compact, multifunctional device that combines the capabilities of a phone and a computer, enabling users to stay connected, productive, and entertained on the go
