what is social identity theory

Social identity theory is a psychological theory that posits that individuals derive a portion of their self-concept from their membership in social groups. The theory seeks to explain the cognitive processes and social conditions underlying intergroup behaviors, especially those related to prejudice, bias, and discrimination. Social identity groups can give individuals a sense of pride and self-esteem. According to the theory, three psychological processes are central in defining ones place in society: social categorization, social comparison, and social identification. Social identity theory aims to specify and predict the circumstances under which individuals think of themselves as individuals or as group members, and considers the consequences of personal and social identities for individual perceptions and group behavior. The theory was developed by social psychologists Henri Tajfel and John Turner in the 1970s and 1980s.