Soil fertility refers to the ability of soil to sustain agricultural plant growth, provide plant habitat, and result in sustained and consistent yields of high quality
. It involves the soil's capacity to supply plant nutrients in the right quantities and conditions for optimal growth
. Soil fertility is essential for food security and environmental sustainability in farming systems
. Key aspects of soil fertility include:
- Supply of essential nutrients and water : A fertile soil can supply all the major nutrients for basic plant nutrition (e.g., nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) as well as other nutrients needed in smaller quantities (e.g., calcium, magnesium, sulfur, iron, zinc, copper, boron, molybdenum, and nickel)
- Soil structure and moisture retention : Organic matter in soil improves soil structure, moisture retention, and nutrient retention
. Soil fertility experts use commercial fertilizers, manures, waste products, and composts to add nutrients and organic matter to the soil
- Soil pH : A soil pH between 5.5 to 7.0 is suitable for most plants, but some plants may prefer or tolerate more acid or alkaline conditions
- Aeration : Good internal drainage and sufficient soil depth are essential for optimal root growth
To enhance soil fertility, various practices can be employed, such as:
- Using organic and inorganic fertilizers
- Implementing crop rotation with legumes
- Applying nuclear techniques to provide data that enhances soil fertility and crop production
- Adapting soil fertility management practices to local conditions
By managing nutrients and implementing environmentally sustainable practices, soil fertility can be improved, leading to increased crop production and food security
