what is soil made of

Soil is made up of a combination of various components, including minerals, organic matter, living organisms, gas, and water. The mineral component of soil is divided into three size classes: clay, silt, and sand, which collectively determine the soils texture. Soil organic matter consists of plant, animal, and microbial residues in various states of decomposition, and it is a critical ingredient for soil quality. Additionally, soil contains living organisms, such as microorganisms, bacteria, fungi, earthworms, and roots, which contribute to the overall composition and health of the soil. The soil also includes gases and water, which are essential for supporting the life of plants and soil organisms. Furthermore, soil is influenced by factors such as climate, relief, organisms, and parent materials, which interact over time to form distinct layers within the soil profile.