Speciation
Speciation is the evolutionary process by which populations evolve to become distinct species. It occurs when a group within a species separates from other members of its species, leading to the formation of two or more separate species. This can happen through various mechanisms, such as ecological speciation, sexual selection, natural selection, and genetic changes. Ecological speciation, for example, occurs when barriers to gene flow evolve between populations as a result of ecologically-based divergent selection between environments. The process of speciation is complex and can be influenced by a variety of factors, including genetic changes, natural selection, and reproductive isolation. Ultimately, speciation is a critical component of the evolutionary process, contributing to the diversity of life on Earth.
