Sterilization refers to any process that removes, kills, or deactivates all forms of life and other biological agents such as prions present in or on a specific surface, object, or fluid). Sterilization can be achieved through various means, including heat, chemicals, irradiation, high pressure, and filtration. Sterilization is distinct from disinfection, sanitization, and pasteurization, in that those methods reduce rather than eliminate all forms of life and biological agents present). After sterilization, an object is referred to as being sterile or aseptic).
There are different types of sterilization, including:
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Microbiological sterilization: This type of sterilization is used to eliminate all forms of microbial life, including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and spores).
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Surgical sterilization: This type of sterilization is used to permanently prevent pregnancy. Sterilization procedures for women are called tubal sterilization or female sterilization, while the procedure for men is called vasectomy.
Sterilization is considered a safe procedure with few complications. However, it is important to note that sterilization does not protect against sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) . A latex or polyurethane condom should be used to protect against these infections if you are at risk of getting an STI. Effective sterilization techniques are vital to laboratory work, but negligence in the procedure can lead to contamination and false results.
