Sunscreen is a topical product designed to protect the skin from the harmful effects of the sun's ultraviolet (UV) rays. It helps prevent sunburn and reduces the risk of skin damage and skin cancer. Sunscreens can come in various forms such as lotions, creams, sprays, gels, sticks, and powders. There are different types of sunscreens based on their active ingredients:
- Mineral (Physical) Sunscreens: Use inorganic compounds like zinc oxide and titanium dioxide. They primarily work by reflecting and scattering UV rays away from the skin.
- Chemical Sunscreens: Contain organic molecules that absorb UV rays before they can damage the skin.
- Hybrid Sunscreens: Combine both mineral and chemical ingredients for protection.
Sunscreens provide broad-spectrum protection, meaning they protect against both UVA and UVB rays. UVA rays can cause skin aging and contribute to some skin cancers, while UVB rays cause sunburn and also contribute to skin cancer. The effectiveness of sunscreen is often indicated by its Sun Protection Factor (SPF), which measures how long it would take UVB rays to redden the skin compared with no sunscreen. For example, an SPF 30 sunscreen allows you to stay in the sun 30 times longer without burning than without protection. Sunscreen should be applied generously to all exposed skin about 20 minutes before sun exposure and reapplied every two hours or immediately after swimming or sweating. It is recommended to use a sunscreen with SPF 30 or above and broad-spectrum coverage, especially when the UV index is 3 or higher. In addition to sunscreen, other sun protection measures include wearing protective clothing, sunglasses, and seeking shade during peak sun hours. In summary, sunscreen acts as a protective shield by absorbing or reflecting UV radiation to prevent skin damage, premature aging, and reduce skin cancer risk. It is an essential part of sun safety and skin care.
