The Tdap vaccine is a combination vaccine that protects against three serious bacterial infections: tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis (whooping cough).
- Tetanus (lockjaw) causes painful muscle stiffness and severe spasms that can be life-threatening.
- Diphtheria is a respiratory illness that can block breathing, damage the heart and nerves, and cause death.
- Pertussis (whooping cough) causes severe coughing spells that can interfere with breathing and can be especially dangerous for babies and young children.
Tdap vaccine contains tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis components. The "acellular" part means it contains only parts of the pertussis bacteria rather than the whole bacteria, which reduces side effects. The vaccine is given as a booster to children 10 years and older, adolescents, pregnant women (usually in the third trimester to protect newborns), and adults to maintain or increase immunity against these diseases. It is recommended to receive a booster dose every 10 years, or sooner if there is a severe or dirty wound. Tdap is especially important for adults who will be in close contact with infants, as it helps prevent passing pertussis to vulnerable babies. Tdap has been shown to be safe with benefits far outweighing the risk of side effects. It does not contain live bacteria, so it cannot cause the diseases it protects against.
