TDS stands for Total Dissolved Solids and refers to the total concentration of dissolved substances in water. These substances can be inorganic salts, such as calcium, magnesium, potassium, and sodium (cations), as well as carbonates, nitrates, bicarbonates, chlorides, and sulfates (anions). TDS also includes a small amount of organic matter.
The level of TDS in water can vary depending on its source. Natural sources, sewage, urban run-off, industrial wastewater, chemicals used in the water treatment process, and even plumbing can contribute to the TDS content. While a high concentration of TDS is not a health hazard, it can give water a bitter, salty, or brackish taste. In the United States, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) includes TDS as a secondary standard, which means it is a voluntary guideline for drinking water.
To measure TDS, you can use a water hardness test kit or a TDS meter, which measures the electrical conductivity of the water. The TDS level is typically expressed in parts per million (PPM) or milligrams per liter (mg/L). If the TDS level exceeds 1,000 mg/L, the drinking water may be considered unfit for human consumption.
To reduce TDS in water, you can use methods such as reverse osmosis (RO) filtration, distillation, or deionization. These processes can help remove the dissolved solids and improve the taste and quality of the water.
