Technological and institutional reforms refer to the changes made in the agricultural sector to improve productivity and efficiency. These reforms were introduced to check exploitation of farmers by middlemen and speculators, procurement and remunerative prices, minimum support price was introduced by the Government for. Some of the technological and institutional reforms made in the field of agriculture in India include:
Technological Reforms:
- The Persian wheel has now been replaced by the water plough by farmers to irrigate their fields.
- The Green Revolution, which was initiated in 1966, involved intensification of agriculture with the use of high-yielding varieties of seeds, chemical fertilizers, and pesticides.
- Special weather bulletins and agricultural programs for farmers on radio and TV.
Institutional Reforms:
- The abolition of the Zamindari system, which was a system of land tenure that allowed landlords to extract rent from peasants.
- Collectivization, which involved the consolidation of small landholdings into larger ones to make farming more efficient.
- Cooperation, which involved the formation of cooperatives to provide farmers with access to credit, inputs, and marketing facilities.
These reforms have had a significant impact on the agricultural sector in India, leading to increased productivity and efficiency.
