Nutrition is the biophysical process by which organisms obtain, digest, absorb, transport, and utilize nutrients from food and drink to support growth, energy needs, maintenance, and overall body functions. It encompasses the intake of macro- and micronutrients, water, and sometimes bioactive compounds, and it involves physiological processes like digestion, absorption, metabolism, and storage. Proper nutrition provides energy and building blocks for tissues, helps regulate metabolism, supports immune function, and influences health outcomes. Key points
- Core components: carbohydrates, proteins, fats (macronutrients), vitamins, minerals, fiber, and water (micronutrients and hydration).
- Functions: energy provision, tissue repair and growth, immune support, and regulation of metabolic processes.
- Variability: nutrient needs vary by age, sex, health status, activity level, and life stage; imbalances can lead to malnutrition or deficiency diseases.
- Measurement: nutrition science studies intake, absorption, metabolism, and requirements to establish dietary guidelines and recommendations.
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