Socrates is best known for his distinctive form of argument known as the Socratic method, which involves asking questions in order to guide to a conclusion or deeper understanding of the thing being argued. This method is characterized by its focus on dialogue and inquiry, and it is often used to challenge assumptions and lead to a more profound understanding of a particular topic or concept. The Socratic method is a key feature of Socratic philosophy and is prominently featured in Platos dialogues, where Socrates engages in discussions with others, usually Sophists, to expose errors and confusions in their arguments.
Additionally, Socrates is known to have used the form of argument known as reductio ad absurdum, which means "reducing to absurdity," during his debate about justice with Thrasymachus. This form of argument involves demonstrating that a statement is false by showing that a false, untenable, or absurd result follows from its acceptance.
In summary, the distinctive form of argument used by Socrates includes the Socratic method of questioning and dialogue to lead to a deeper understanding and the use of reductio ad absurdum to demonstrate the falsity of a statement through absurd consequences.
