what is the function of a ribosome

The primary function of a ribosome is to synthesize proteins by translating the genetic information encoded in messenger RNA (mRNA) into a specific sequence of amino acids, which then fold into functional proteins. Ribosomes read the mRNA sequence and facilitate the assembly of amino acids brought by transfer RNA (tRNA), linking them together through peptide bonds to form a polypeptide chain. This process is called translation. Ribosomes consist of two subunits (small and large) made of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins. The small subunit is responsible for decoding the mRNA, while the large subunit catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids. Ribosomes can be found free-floating in the cytoplasm or bound to the endoplasmic reticulum, influencing where the synthesized proteins are destined to function or be secreted.