DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is a molecule found in most cells that holds each person's unique genetic code
. It is responsible for coding proteins, which are essential to the growth and development of cells
. The primary functions of DNA include:
- Encoding genetic information : DNA contains the instructions needed for an organism to develop, survive, and reproduce
. It stores the genetic information that makes each person unique and is passed from adult organisms to their offspring during reproduction
- Protein synthesis : DNA sequences must be converted into messages that can be used to produce proteins, which are the complex molecules that do most of the work in our bodies
. Each DNA sequence that contains instructions to make a protein is known as a gene
- Replication : DNA is capable of replicating itself, allowing genetic information to be passed on to descendants
. This replication process is crucial for the survival and reproduction of all life forms
- Development, growth, and reproduction : DNA carries the instructions for the development, growth, reproduction, and functioning of all life
. Differences in the genetic code can lead to variations in traits, such as eye color, wing structure, or neck length
DNA is a highly efficient molecule for storing, expressing, and passing along instructions for making proteins
. Its molecular structure and the activities of enzymes fine-tuned to match its structure make it an effective information-storage molecule for all forms of life
