what is the function of genes

Genes are the basic physical and functional units of heredity, made up of DNA. They carry hereditary information from one generation to the next and control the structure and metabolism of the body. Genes contain instructions to make molecules called proteins, which perform various functions in the body to keep an individual healthy. These proteins are responsible for a number of functions in a cell, such as making eye pigments, powering muscles, and attacking invading bacteria. Additionally, genes determine specific physical characteristics and traits like hair or eye color. While most genes act as instructions to make proteins, some genes do not code for proteins. Genes vary in size, and every person has two copies of each gene, one inherited from each parent. Scientists study genes to understand family relationships, trace ancestors, find genes associated with specific diseases, and predict the likelihood of developing certain conditions.