The primary function of nervous tissue is to form the communication network of the nervous system by generating, transmitting, and conducting electrical signals (nerve impulses) across the body. This enables coordination and control of many body activities, including muscle contraction, sensory awareness, emotions, memory, reasoning, and regulation of bodily functions such as breathing and movement
. Nervous tissue consists mainly of two types of cells:
- Neurons (nerve cells): These generate and carry nerve impulses. They receive stimuli, process information, and send signals to other neurons, muscles, or glands. Neurons have specialized structures-dendrites (which receive impulses), a cell body (which processes information), and an axon (which transmits impulses away from the cell body)
- Glial cells (neuroglia): These support neurons by providing structural support, insulation (myelin), nutrients, and protection from pathogens. They also help maintain the extracellular environment and assist in signal conduction
Functions of nervous tissue include:
- Receiving sensory input from the environment and internal body conditions.
- Integrating and processing information in the brain and spinal cord.
- Controlling muscles and glands to produce movement and physiological responses.
- Maintaining homeostasis by regulating bodily functions.
- Enabling higher mental activities such as memory, reasoning, and emotions
In summary, nervous tissue is essential for communication within the body, allowing rapid transmission of signals that coordinate bodily functions and responses to stimuli.
