what is the function of the epididymis

The epididymis is a coiled tube that is an essential reproductive organ in males. It is one of the male sex accessory ducts that also include the seminiferous tubules, rete testis, efferent ducts, vas deferens, ejaculatory duct, and urethra. The epididymis is a convoluted, crescent-shaped structure that connects the testis to the vas deferens and has four main anatomical regions, each with unique characteristics and functions. The most obvious function of the epididymis is to transport sperm from the rete testes to the vas deferens. Total transit time through the epididymis is generally between 10-15 days, and transport is achieved primarily by rhythmic contractions of the smooth muscle layers surrounding the epididymis. While contractions occur most frequently at the caput, they are most amplified at the cauda. The epididymis also plays a vital role in the storage of sperm post-production and is the site of further sperm maturation before ejaculation. During epididymal transit, sperm undergo maturation, which is essential for their ability to fertilize an ovum. The epididymis also protects sperm cells during epididymal transit from oxidative stress and other harmful factors.