The greatest environmental concern today is climate change, primarily driven by global warming due to fossil fuel emissions. In recent years, global average temperatures have reached unprecedented highs, with 2024 confirmed as the hottest year on record, and atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide at all-time highs. This warming leads to extreme weather events, rising sea levels, and widespread ecosystem disruptions
. Climate change impacts every aspect of life on Earth, causing longer heatwaves, stronger droughts, and threatening biodiversity. The burning of coal, oil, and natural gas for energy is the major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions, which trap heat in the atmosphere. Additionally, fossil fuel use contributes to air pollution, harming human health through respiratory and cardiovascular diseases
. Other critical environmental issues include biodiversity loss, deforestation, pollution (air, water, soil, plastic), and resource depletion, but these are often interconnected with or exacerbated by climate change
. Addressing climate change involves transitioning to renewable energy sources like solar and wind, reforestation to absorb CO2, and implementing strong policies such as carbon taxes and clean energy investments. These actions are essential to mitigate global warming and protect the planet's future
