The movement of water down through the Earth's surface is called "infiltration." This process involves water soaking into the soil and percolating downward through the soil layers and rock, eventually replenishing groundwater reservoirs. Infiltration is a key part of the water cycle, which includes various movements of water on, above, and below the Earth's surface through processes such as evaporation, precipitation, surface runoff, and subsurface flow.
In summary, the term for water moving down through the Earth's surface is infiltration, and it plays an essential role in the broader water cycle system.
