what is the peritoneum

The peritoneum is a serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and covers most of the organs in the abdomen. It is composed of mesothelial cells supported by a thin layer of fibrous tissue and is embryologically derived from the mesoderm. The peritoneum serves to support the organs of the abdomen and acts as a conduit for the passage of nerves, blood vessels, and lymphatics. It is made up of two layers with a potential space between them, the parietal peritoneum, which lines the internal surface of the abdominopelvic wall, and the visceral peritoneum, which wraps around the organs. The peritoneal cavity is the space between these two layers and normally contains only a small amount of lubricating fluid. The peritoneum has powerful healing and immunity functions and offers protection, insulation, structure, and blood and nerve supply to the organs it covers. Disorders of the peritoneum are not common and include peritonitis, cancer, and complications from peritoneal dialysis.