The real history of Palestine is complex and has been shaped by the control of various kingdoms and powers. The region, also known as the Land of Israel and the Holy Land, is the birthplace of Judaism and Christianity. Throughout history, it has been controlled by Ancient Egypt, Ancient Israel and Judah, the Persian Empire, Alexander the Great and his successors, the Hasmoneans, the Roman Empire, several Muslim caliphates, and the crusaders
. Before 1948, Palestine was home to a diverse population of Arabs, Jews, and Christians, and was under the control of various empires, such as the Assyrians, Babylonians, Persians, Greeks, Romans, Byzantines, and eventually the Islamic empires
. The region has been the subject of conflicting claims of Jewish and Arab national identities, and its history is marked by periods of relative harmony and conflict
. The establishment of the State of Israel in 1948 and the subsequent Arab- Israeli War have had lasting impacts on the region, including the displacement of over half of the Palestinian Arab population
