Antisemitism does not have one single “reason.” It is a mix of religious prejudice, social and economic tensions, political manipulation, and racist ideologies that have developed over many centuries. Different eras and places emphasized different motives, but they all treat Jews as a convenient target for explaining wider problems.
Basic definition
Antisemitism is hostility, prejudice, or discrimination directed at Jews as a group, whether they are seen as a religion, a people, or a “race.” It can show up in stereotypes, conspiracy theories, exclusion, violence, and state policies meant to marginalize or eliminate Jewish communities.
Historical and religious roots
In parts of Christian and Muslim history, religious leaders and teachings portrayed Jews as stubborn, guilty of rejecting or killing prophets, or spiritually inferior, which fed long‑term prejudice. Over time, some of these ideas hardened into social restrictions, forced conversions, expulsions, and periodic violence against Jews.
Social and economic factors
Jews were often restricted to certain occupations (like moneylending or trade) and excluded from land ownership or many professions, which made them visible in roles others resented, especially in times of crisis. During wars, plagues, or economic depressions, political and religious leaders have repeatedly used Jews as scapegoats, blaming them for defeat, disease, or financial collapse.
Modern racial and political antisemitism
In the 19th and 20th centuries, new “racial” theories falsely claimed Jews were a separate, dangerous race whose negative traits were inherited and unchangeable. These ideas merged with nationalism and “scientific racism,” culminating in Nazi ideology and the Holocaust, where Jews were portrayed as the source of both capitalism and communism and as a threat to the nation.
Myths, conspiracies, and their appeal
Antisemitism is kept alive by myths and conspiracy theories that present Jews as secretly powerful, disloyal, or controlling governments, media, or finance. Such stories are attractive to people looking for simple explanations for complex problems, and extremists exploit them to mobilize support, justify hatred, and divert attention from real causes of social and economic difficulties.
